Chromosomes+(DNA)

CHROMOSOMES

﻿﻿A threadlike body consisting of chromatin that carries genes in a linear order.


- X for the female - Y for the male
 * ﻿In the human species, there is 23 pairs of chromosomes.
 * Each human has about 100 trillion meters of DNA in their body.
 * In Eaukayotic cells, the chromosomes have a loop at the end which is known as the telomere.
 * A complete set of chromosomes is known as a karyotype.
 * The more chromosomes, the more complex the gene characteristics are.

 __WHAT IS IT? __ Chromosomes are what carry everyone and everythings genes. They are made of very tightly packed threads of chromatin which is DNA and histone proteins. DNA is whats on the chromosomes. DNA is the genetic basis of all living things. Chromosomes are the building blocks of the human body.

__WHERE? __ ~ Chromosomes are found in the nucleus of the cell. <span style="color: #800080; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif; font-size: 110%;">~They are coiled around proteins called histoneswhich support the structure of the chromosome. <span style="color: #800080; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif; font-size: 110%;">~They are not visible with the naked eye and only visible during cell division under a microscope.

__<span style="color: #800080; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif; font-size: 110%;">PARTS __ <span style="color: #800080; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif; font-size: 110%;">~ On every chromosome there are 3 main parts: <span style="color: #800080; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif; font-size: 110%;">-Centrome <span style="color: #800080; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif; font-size: 110%;">-P arm <span style="color: #800080; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif; font-size: 110%;">-Q arm
 * <span style="color: #800080; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif; font-size: 110%;">The centrome is what divides the chromosome into its two arms. The location of each centrome on an individul chromosome gives it their characteristic shape.
 * <span style="color: #800080; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif; font-size: 110%;">The P arm is the two shorter arms on the upper part of the chromosome.
 * <span style="color: #800080; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif; font-size: 110%;">The Q arm is the two longer arms (or legs) on the lower part of the chromosome.

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